Improvement in water-pipes



1. A. cALANTAmENTs.

Water-Pipes.

Patented N0'v.24, 1874.

UNITED STATES JOHANNES A. CALANTARIENTS,

OF SOARBOROUGH, ENGLAND.

IMPROVEMENT IN WATER-PIPES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. l 57,190, dated November 24, 1874; application led October 10, 1873.

To all whom lt may concern Be it known that I, J oHANNEs AvETrcIAN OALANTARIENTS, of Scarborough, in the county of York, England, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Water-Pipes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description ofthe same, reference being had to the accompanying drawing forming a part of this specification.

The invention consists in arranging a collapsible pipe of rubber orequivalent material inside the water-service pipes of a building, and filling them with air at a sufficient press- `ure to balance the water-pressure, the expansion of ice being thus allowed to compress the air in the flexible pipe, and condense or expel a portion of it into a reservoir prepared to receive it, 'thus preventing any fracture of the metallic pipes.

The figures of drawing are sectional elevations.

A B represent the water-pipe of a house; O D, the air-tube, closed at all its other ends, butEopening into the air-tight air-reservoir R at The resisting power of any given air-tube being known, in proportion as the waterpressure is greater, in the same proportion (as measured by a pressure-gage) I force air into the air tube and reservoir through F until equilibrium is established, and so the air-tube is kept open. Then the water in the pipes freezes, it forces the air out into the air-reser voir; when it melts, the air (by its own elasticity) returns again to its former position and distends the air-tube, ready to be acted on again. n

The only difference between the devices shown in Figs. l and 2 is, that in the latter I use instead of air another fluid, (water,) and that with this I can make use of as thin an air-tube as I like with perfect efciency, and

I do not require any pumping of air into R, or the trouble of using pressure-gages for this purpose, for it is entirely self-acting. All I require to know is the length of air-tubing required in a house, its capacity, and the degree of water-pressure. I then attach to it an airreservoir of' proportionate size. Supposing it is just itted up and every part full of air, as soon as the water is turned on it rushes int-o the air-reservoir as well as into the waterpipcs.-L In the same proportion as the water presses on the outside of the air tube, in the same proportion, by rising in the airchamber, it forces the air through E into the air-tube, and so the pressures within and outside are kept constantly equal. However much the water-pressure may fluctuate, there is not the slightest tension in the air-tube.

Suppose the water rises up to R. of the water freezes the air Would be compressed into R through E, as in No.2, and return again in the same manner.

Of course I place the air-reservoir in a con-/ venient well-protected corner of the house, so that there may be no possibility of its freezing.

Having thus described my invention, what I clai-m as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

The combination, with metallic water-pipes, of an internal liexible air-tube connected with an air-reservoir, and kept open by the Waterpressure, as and for the purpose described.

The above specification signed by me this 13th day of June, 1872.

J. A. cALANTAEIENTs. [L s.)

Vitnesses J. W. H. GATLEY, THos. FUTTY, A

0f Scarborough, Clerks to Messrs. JlIoocly, Turnbull de Graham, of the same place, Solicitors.

If any part 

